Experimental investigation of a novel magnetically. A vchp was designed for the advanced stirling radioisotope generator. The variable conductance heat pipe vchp, sometimes called a specific variant the gascontrolled or gasloaded heat pipe, has a unique feature that sets it apart from other types of heat pipe. At the time, there was no good method for sealing a refractory metal heat pipe, so a lower temperature valve was left on condenser end of the heat pipe. The liquid pressure decreases as it flows from the condenser to the evaporator.
The attached details of the heat pipe are explained in the following section. Variable conductance heat pipes get their temperature control features from the expansion and contraction of noncondensable gas in the condenser of the heat pipe. Parallel conductance is simply a different viewpoint of parallel resistors. This paper describes one approach to the design of a variable conductance vacuum insulation. Design of a variable conductance heat pipe for a photonic. Numerical analysis of thermal performance of flat heat pipe d.
Thermal contact conductance microelectronics heat transfer. A primer on variable conductance heat pipes vchps, discussing their operation and limitations, with an animated schematic. They provide variable conductivity by utilizing the physical heat transfer limitations. After understanding this very simple method to check out as well as get this heat conduction, by david w. Heat pipes employ phase change to transfer thermal energy from one point to another by the vaporization and condensation of a working fluid or coolant. Historically, lhps were considered primarily as candidates for high power, high adverse elevation and high heat flux applications such as deployable radiators for. An alkalimetal variable conductance heat pipe vchp was designed to allow multiple stops and restarts of the stirling engine. A variable conductance heat pipe vchp is a variation of a heat pipe possessing some inherent temperature control abilities2. There are three sections of a basic heat pipe with a working fluid enclosed inside the pipe. The conductance viewpoint looks at a parallel resistor and instead of seeing a 1r term in the parallel resistor formula, it sees a g 1r term. The particular application of hps is the removal of heat.
Investigation of the performance of a gasloaded variable. The vapor then travels along the heat pipe to the cold interface. Introduction this paper presents the design of a variable conductance heat pipe vchp that will provide backup cooling for. Conductance in a transmission line electrical engineering. Separation of variables for heat conduction in a finite bar with insulated ends xuyan chen. The thermal conductivity, specific heat, and sound velocity of crystalline chrysotile asbestos made up of hollow tubular fibrils of composition mg3si2o5oh4 have been measured at temperatures of.
The temperature transfer matrix was obtained for the air preheater that comprises several discrete heat. Variable thermal conductance link for lunar landers and. The actual test results of heat pipe with different wick structure athorizontal and vertical gravity assist orientations. Variable conductance or temperature controlled heat pipe was first described by block and. A radiator to reject heat possible thermal links variable conductance heat pipes vchps loop heat pipes lhps thermal switch pumped loop. Reduced power precision temperature control using variable conductance heat pipes article in ieee transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology 312. Design of a variable conductance heat pipe for a photonic component martin cleary, ronan grimes university of limerick stokes research institute marc hodes bell laboratories abstract in conventional vchp applications either the heat dissipation of the device being maintained at constant temperature or the ambient temperature varies, however, in.
A heat pipe is a heat transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to effectively transfer heat between two solid interfaces at the hot interface of a heat pipe a liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing heat from that surface. An alkalimetal variable conductance heat pipe vchp is under development to allow multiple stops and restarts of the stirling convertor. A heat pipe is a heattransfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity. You can tell others to visit this site and go with browsing them preferred books heat conduction, by david w. Variable conductance heat pipes heat pipe manufacturer. This allows the heat pipes to act as thermal switches without additional constructive elements. Introduction a typical heat pipe consists of a sealed pipe or tube made of a material that is compatible with the working fluid such as copper for water heat pipes, or aluminium for ammonia heat pipes.
Investigation on heat transfer and thermal conductivity. Conductance of tube, calculation of conductance,conductance. Experimental analysis of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with variable filling ratio dharmapal a baitule 1 and pramod r pachghare corresponding author. The treatment has been comprehensive, involving theoretical andor experimental studies in hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer into and out of the pipe, fluid selection, and materials compatibility, in addition to. Variable conductance heat pipes for radioisotope stirling. In this heat transfer and t5hermal conductivity analysis were carried out in concentric circular tube logged with saw dust and asbestos between the pipes. To keep setpoint temperature of a heat source mounted on the evaporator almost constant, independent of changes of the boundary conditions i. Loop heat pipe, multiple evaporators, thermal conductance, network model analysis, two phase flow. Heat loss calculations and principles ced engineering. Heat pipes are twophase heat transfer devices which have advantages such as high conductance and the ability of heat transfer in small temperature differences between the evaporator and the condenser. The heat pipe developed is titanium ammonia gas loaded variable heat pipe which has a heated reservoir vchp. At any cross section of the heat pipe, a pressure differential exists between the vapor and liquid phases. Pdf vapor modulated variable conductance loop heat pipes. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent.
When the vchp is operating, the ncg is swept toward. Flow resistance occurs as a result of external friction between gas molecules and the wall surface and internal friction between the gas molecules themselves viscosity. The glast model was delivered along with a library file containing a proprietary vchp routine. Its the same circuit configuration, but uses a different equation.
A variableconductance heat pipe system vchps and its design have been. In this aspect, heat pipes with variable conductance properties such as the. A vchp was designed for the advanced stirling radioisotope generator, with a 850 c heater head temperature. Types of heat pipes thermosyphon leading edge rotating and revolving cryogenic pumped loop heat pipe flat plate micro heat pipes variable conductance capillary pumped loop heat pipe 16. Variable conductance heat pipes vchps are the main part of mascot mobile asteroid surface scoutlander passive thermal control system tcs. Thermal conductivity is measured in watts per kelvinmeter wk. A heat pipe is a device that effortlessly transports thermal energy from its one point to the other.
Both constant conductance cchp, also called fchp, with or without noncondensible gas ncg, and variable conductance vchp pipes can easily be simulated. Thermal performance of a miniature variable conductance loop heat pipe 2000012490 loop heat pipes lhp of different designs are currently used in aerospace applications worldwide. Variable conductance heat pipes vchps are used to passively maintain. Convection heat transfer microelectronics heat transfer. This page contains heat pipes seminar and ppt with pdf report.
A formular for the conductance calculation in molecular flow is presented. Both constant conductance cchp, also called fchp, with or without noncondensible gas ncg, and variable conductance vchp pipes. Applications for vchps include passively controlling temperature, providing over temperature protection, acting as a variable thermal link, and helping heat pipe startup from a frozen state. Introduction the basic heat pipe is a closed container which has evacuated all noncondensable gases and contains a capillary structure wick and a small amount of a vaporizable fluid 1. Equivalent thermal conductivity of heat pipes springerlink. Pulsating heat pipes phps or oscillating heat pipes ohps are. It applies the implied heat of the vaporized working fluid instead of the reasonable heat. Introduction there is a vast requirement of miniature equipment in electronic devices for cooling purpose so pulsating heat pipe can significantly used for cooling purpose. Separation of variables for heat conduction in a finite bar. Variable conductance heat pipe vchp variable conductance heat pipes vchps are similar to standard heat pipes, with the addition of a noncondensable gas ncg. Variable conductance heat pipes vchps for spacecraft thermal control typically have a coldbiased reservoir for the noncondensable gas ncg at the end of the condenser. Alkali metal heat pipes, variable conductance heat pipes, radioisotope stirling systems, nak heat pipes, advanced stirling radioisotope generator, space radiator systems pacs. The working fluid repeatedly vaporizes and condenses as a. Investigation of the performance of a gas loaded variable conductance heat pipe by keith earl reynolds lieutenant commander, united states navy b.
Heat pipes rely on a temperature difference between the ends of the pipe, and cannot lower temperatures at either end below the ambient temperature hence they tend to equalize the temperature within the pipe. C is conductance in literspersecond d is the tube inner diameter in inches l is the tube length in inches so, for example, d is 2. Heat pipes with variable thermal conductance property. When heat is supplied to the evaporator, the working fluid vaporizes, and travels to the condenser, where it condenses. Typically, micro heat pipes, figure 9 have convex but cusped cross sections for example, a polygon, with hydraulic diameter in range of 10 to 500. A new type of variable conductance heat pipe, the liquidcontrolled. The sigma thermal control heat rejection device is a variable conductance heat pipe vchp radiator 0. Heat pipes hardware m t l l i t b ith th i fmetal aluminum tube with grooves on the inner surface cold t ild extrusion grooves are filled with the working fluid water, ammonia, propylene, etc. Development of an elevated temperature loop heat pipe for space. The temperature transfer matrix was obtained for the air preheater that comprises several discrete heat transfer units with same or different heat transfer surface area in a parallel or counter flow mode. Pdf nak variable conductance heat pipe for radioisotope. May 21, 2011 the heat transfer analysis of variable conductance heat pipe air preheater was carried out. A rising of heat pipes thermal conductivity from 0. Allows direct contact with heat source 1piece vapor chamber 10mm bend radius along.
In the bottom right corner, you can see the transmission probability percentage of molecules traversing the tube calculated. Kamaraj b indian institute of technology madras, a refrigeration and airconditioning laboratory, department of mechanical engineering, b department of metallurgical and materials engineering, chennai, tamilnadu, india 60036. The properties must be defined in external data files. Heat pipe routines built into sindafluint provide fast systemlevel solutions to modeling heat pipes when a full twophase solution is not required. A variable thermal link between the web and the radiator 3. The heat transfer analysis of variable conductance heat pipe air preheater was carried out.
The status of the ongoing effort in developing this. Experimental investigation into the feasibility of using a. I want to calculate the admittance, impedance, conductance, resistance, susceptance and reactance. These pressures normally refer to values in perhaps notional plenums at the entrance and exit of a duct or a system fitting such as a valve. Thermal conductivity 1 thermal conductivity in physics, thermal conductivity, is the, property of a materials ability to conduct heat. The relevant parts of the following applicable documents at their. You see a pipe with sticking1 on both sides, and desorption from one side. Onedimensional heat conduction for onedimensional heat conduction temperature depending on one variable only, we can devise a basic description of the process. Listoffigures figure page 1 conventionalheatpipeoperatingdiagram 11 2 variableconductanceheatpipe operatingdiagram 11 3 photographofheatpipeinhorizontal position 18 4.
For sigma, six heat pipes are used with a l geometry, a total length of 2. Pdf this dissertation investigated experimentally and theoretically. Analytical heat transfer mihir sen department of aerospace and mechanical engineering university of notre dame notre dame, in 46556 may 3, 2017. C 75 x 820 30 literspersecond conductance limitations on pumping speed the in. Theory and design of variable conductance heat pipes. Interchangeable variable conductance heat pipes for sodiumsulfur batteries 2. Numerical analysis of thermal performance of flat heat pipe. Conductance heat pipe cchp, it is wise to start with the layout of a cchp. This is its ability to maintain a device mounted at the evaporator at a near constant temperature, independent of the amount of power being generated by. Variable conductance heat pipes variable conductance issues vchp differ from normal hp by their thermal control capability.
In the conventional type, a small volume of working fluid is sealed into an evacuated metal container. Depending on the operating conditions, the ncg can block all, some, or none of the available condenser length. Investigation of gravitational effects on the performance. Thermal performance of a miniature variable conductance loop. Pdf variable conductance heat pipes for radioisotope.
Heat pipes seminar ppt with pdf report study mafia. It usually consists of a meandering capillary tube, closed endtoend in a loop, evacuated and then partially filled with a working fluid. High temperature variable conductance heat pipes for. The performance of the heat pipe is investigated at three different amounts of both heat input and mass of noncondensable gas air. Various fluids are used in heat pipes and the selected fluid is based upon its saturation temperature and the temperature at which the heat pipe will be functioning. Experimental papers on artery and groove wicks and on rotating heat pipes were also notable. In this design, the vacuum insulation consists of a permanently sealed, thin sheet steel, evacuated envelope of whatever geometry is required for the application. Conductance calculation molecular flow, long tube of. In 1975, under contract nas28310 to ames research center, tfypi fabricated and tested two prototype vapormodulated heat pipes which achieved variable conductance by. Variable conductance heat pipe for a lunar variable. Generally speaking, vacuum chambers are connected to a vacuum pump via piping. A pulsating heat pipe php is a passive twophase heat transfer device for handling moderate to high heat fluxes, typically suited for power electronics and similar applications.
Heat pipe 1piece vapor chamber 2piece vapor chamber 20 heat pipes bend radius 3x diameter of heat pipe. The importance of heat pipes as devices for effective heat transfer has led to development of various types of them such as loop heat pipes, wick type heat pipes. Heat pipes with variable thermal conductance property for space. This study has clarified that titanium is very desirable as heat pipe material for use in space.
The formular gives the conductance of pipes which are constant cross section, as well as in which the circumference and cross section of the pipes are increasing or decreasing function of the pipe length. The increase in the thermal conductivity of the heat pipes from 0. Variable conductance heat pipes for variable thermal links. A simple and concise routine that approximates the response of an alkali metal heat pipe to changes in evaporator heat transfer rate is described. The treatment has been comprehensi ve, involving theoreti sal andor experimental studies in hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer into and out of the pipe, flid selection, and materials compatibility, in addi tior. Heat pipe selection guide pdf heat pipe basics and demonstration.
When you use the quick pipe from the menu, what you get is in fact a conductance example. Pdf a vapor modulated loop heat pipe vmlhp is a loop heat pipe lhp incorporating a pressure regulating valve prv at its evaporator outlet. Transient performance of gasloaded, variable conductance heat pipes with a hot reservoir h. The conductance g of the dielectric material separating the two conductors is represented by a shunt resistor between the signal wire and the return wire siemens per unit length. Pdf basic principles of heat pipes and history researchgate. It appears primarily in fouriers law for heat conduction. Convection heat transfer reading problems 191 198 1915, 1924, 1935, 1947, 1953, 1969, 1977 201 206 2021, 2028, 2044, 2057, 2079 introduction in convective heat transfer, the bulk. Full text of investigation of the performance of a gas. Experimental investigation of thermal performance of variable. Heat transfer and flow analysis in loop heat pipe with.
Flanges can be added on the outer surface for easy integration with instruments or radiators the flange is an integral part of the extrusion. Experimental investigation of thermal performance of. Reduced power precision temperature control using variable. Transient performance of gasloaded, variable conductance. In a variable conductance heat pipe vchp a noncondensable gas ncg is added to the heat pipe, in addition to the working fluid. This analytically based routine is compared with data from a cylindrical heat pipe with a crescentannular wick that undergoes gradual quasisteady transitions through the viscous and condenser boundary heat transfer limits. An introductory guide to variable conductance heat pipe.
The proposed model provides a calculation method for the thermal distortion analysis of heat pipes applied in the motorized spindle. Introduction loop heat pipe is an efficient heat transfer device. The first law in control volume form steady flow energy equation with no shaft work and no mass flow reduces to the statement that. There are four components that fully describe a transmission line they are independant of each other and nontransferrable. Heat pipe thermal buses were proposed to facilitate a con. First of all the values iv and qv iv and qv is the voltage representing current need to be converted to current. The heat transfer from one pipe to other pipe is depends on supplied heat input, the temperature difference and the thermal conductivity of the insulation and the pipe material. An introductory guide to variable conductance heat pipe simulation. By using the temperature transfer matrix, the outlet fluid temperatures could be easily calculated. Regulative characteristics of methanol copper heat pipes. University of america for her endless support in obtaining few documents from. Analysis and application of variable conductance heat pipe. Vertical heat pipe vhp cooling input data heating input data cooling output data heating output data revesion 2.
Development of a variableconductance heatpipe for a sodium. Variable conductance heat pipe, rotating heat pipe, loop heat pipe, micro heat pipe, nanofluids 1. Heat pipe advanced radiator element consisting of a 50ft. The vapor pressure decreases as it flows from the evaporator to the condenser. Miniature heat pipe is defined as a heat pipe with a hydraulic diameter in the range of 0.
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